Pollutions

Air Pollution

     Air pollution is the presence one or more physical substance, chemical, or biological atmospheric quantities that chould endanger human health, animals, and plants, interfere with the aesthetics and comfort, or property damage. Air pollution can be caused by natural sources and human activities. Some definitions of physical disorders such as pollution, noise, heat, radiation or light pollution is considered as a air pollution. The nature of air pollution impacts may be direct and local, regional, and global levels.

Sources Of Air Pollution

     Air pollutions can be divided into two, primary pollutans and secondary pollutans. Primary pollutans are substances directly arising from pollutant sources of air pollution. Carbon monoxide is an example of primary air pollutants because it is the result of arson. Secondary pollutant is a pollutant substance formed from the reaction of primary pollutants in the atmosphere. Photochemical formation relation to global warming (global warming) that influence:

a. human activities

- Transportation

- Industry

- The power plant

- Burning (fireplaces, stoves, furnaces, incinerator with different types of fuel

- Exaust gas factory that produces harmful gases such as CFC

b. natural sources

- Volcanoes

- Swamps

- Wildfires

- Nitrification and denitrification biological

c. Other sources

- Transport of ammonia

- Clorine tank leak

- Generation of methane from fill

- Steam organic solvents

Type of air pollution material:

- Carbon monoxide

- Oxides of nitrogen

- Oxides of sulfur

- CFC

- Hydrocarbons

- Volatile Organic Compounds

- Particulate

Impact of Air Pollutions:

1. Health impacts

    Substances contained in air pollutants can enter the body through the respiratory system. Away pen etration of contaminants into the body depending on the type of pollutant. Large particulates can be retained in the upper respiratory tract, whereas small-sized particulates and gases can reach the lungs. On the lungs, pollutants are absorbed by the circulatory system and spread thoroughout the body.

     Health impact of the most common is the ISNA ( upper respiratory infection), including atsma, bronchitis, and other respiratory disorders. Some contaminants are categorized at toxit and carcinogenic.

2. Impact on plants

     Plants growing in areas with high air pollution levels can be stunted and prone to deseases, such as chlorosis, necrosis, and dark spots. Particulate deposited on plant surfaces may hamper the process of photosyntesis.

a. Acid rain

   Normal pH of rain water is 5,6 due to the presence of CO2 in the atmosphere. Air pollutants such as SO2 and NO2 react with water to form acid rain and lower the pH of rain water. The impactof acid rain, among others:

- Affects the quality of surface water

- Damaging plants

- Dissolves heavy metals contained in soil that affect the quality of ground water and surface water

- It thus damaging corrosive materials and building

b. The green house effect

    The green house effect is caused by the presence of CO2.CFCs, methane, ozone, and N2O in the troposphere which absorbs solar radiation reflected by the earth's surface. As a result, the heat trapped in the troposphere and cause global warming.

The impact of global warming:

1. The increase in the average temperature of the earth

2. Melting of polar ice

3. Regional ang global climate change

4. Changes in the life cycle of flora and fauna

c. Damage to the ozone layer

    The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere (20-35 km altitude) is a natural protective filter function earth ultraviolet B radiation from the sun. The formation and decomposition of ozone molecules (O3) occurs naturally in the stratosphere. Emissions of CFCs reach the stratosphere is very stable and ca the rate of decomposition of ozone molecules faster than formation, thus forming the holes in the ozone layer.