Corruption

Corruption

Corruption is the actions of public officials, politicians and civil servants, as well as other parties involved in the act that unreasonably and illegally abusing the public trust that authorizes them to gain unilateral advantage.

From the point of fiew of law, corruption broadly meets following elements:

1. Tort

2. Abuse of authority an opportunity

3. Enrich themselves, others, or corporation

4. Financial harm the country or state economy

Types of corruption include:

a. Giving or receiving a gift or pledge (bribery)

b. Embezzlement in office

c. Extortion in office

d. Participate in the procurement ( for civil servant/ state officials)

e. Accept gratuities (for civil servant/ state officials) 

Conditions that favor the emergence of corruption :

- The concentration of power in decision-making that is not directly responsible to the people, as so often in regimes that are not democratic.

- Lack of transparancy in goverment decision-making.

- Political campaigns are expensive, with expenditures greater than normal political funding.

- Projects involving large amounts of public money.

- Environmental covered selfish and networks "old friends".

- Weak rule of law. 

- The weakness of the legal profession.

- Lack of freedom of speech or freedom of the public media.

- Slaries of government employeees is very small.