Environment damage

Soil Pollution

Soil pollution is all a state where pollutants enter the soil environment and could reduce the quality of land. Where the pollutants can be a pollutant substances in the form of chemical substance, dust, heat, noise, radiation and micro-organism. 

Cause of soil pollution

Many things that could be the caused of soil pollution, such as leakage of chemical waste and pollutants generated by industrial processed, the use of pesticides, polluted water entry into the sub-face layer, leakage of oil, chemicals, or waste radiated into the soil, litter, and other.

Impact of soil pollution.

tha are 2 impact of oil pollution:

a. impact to healty

b. impact to environment

A. impact to healty

Substances thet enter the soil is very dangerous, because it tends to settle and turn into toxic substances in the soil, which is of course a direct impact on people's lives directly, because of soil contamination can make awater pollution. There are many diseases that can be caused by soil pollution such as leukemia, kidney damage, liver toxicity, neuromoscular disorders, central nervous system disorders, headaches, irritation to the eyes and skin, and can even cause death.

B. Impact to the environment

In the environment, soil pollution is able to result in changes to the ecosystem that lives in and on the bground, especially the metabolism of endemic microorganisms and arthropods that live in the soil environment. Of course this led to the extinction of some speciec of the primary food chain, which will directly give large die to predators or other levels of the food chain.

Handling

there are some ways that can use to handle the soil pollution, such as remediation and biochemicals,

a. Remediation

Remediation is an activity to clean contaminated soil surface. There are two types of soil remediation, in-situ (on-site) and ek-situ(off-site). Cleaning is a cleaning on-site at the location. This cleaning is cheaper and easier, consisting of cleaning, venting (injection), and bioremediation. Cleaning off-site includes excavation of contaminated soil and then taken to a safe area. After it in a safe area, the land was cleared of contaminants. The trick is, the lend is kept in the tub/ watertight tank, then pumped into a tub of cleaning agents/ the tank. Furthermore pollutants pumped out of the basin which is then processed by the wastewater treatment facility. Off-site cleaning is far more expensive and complicated.

b. Bioremediation

Bioremediation is the processed of cleaning the soil contamination using microorganism (fungi, bacteria). Bioremediation aims to break down or degrade contaminants into lesss toxic materials or non toxic (carbon dioxcide and water). According to Dr. Muhibuddin Anton, one of which serves as a bioremediation microorganism is arbuskular vesicular mycrorrhizal (vam). Vam fungi may act directly or indirectly in the soil remediation. Direct role because of its ability to absorb metals from the soil and acts indirectly as stimulate the growth of microorganisms such as certain bacteria bioremediation, fungi, and so on.

Pollutions

Air Pollution

     Air pollution is the presence one or more physical substance, chemical, or biological atmospheric quantities that chould endanger human health, animals, and plants, interfere with the aesthetics and comfort, or property damage. Air pollution can be caused by natural sources and human activities. Some definitions of physical disorders such as pollution, noise, heat, radiation or light pollution is considered as a air pollution. The nature of air pollution impacts may be direct and local, regional, and global levels.

Sources Of Air Pollution

     Air pollutions can be divided into two, primary pollutans and secondary pollutans. Primary pollutans are substances directly arising from pollutant sources of air pollution. Carbon monoxide is an example of primary air pollutants because it is the result of arson. Secondary pollutant is a pollutant substance formed from the reaction of primary pollutants in the atmosphere. Photochemical formation relation to global warming (global warming) that influence:

a. human activities

- Transportation

- Industry

- The power plant

- Burning (fireplaces, stoves, furnaces, incinerator with different types of fuel

- Exaust gas factory that produces harmful gases such as CFC

b. natural sources

- Volcanoes

- Swamps

- Wildfires

- Nitrification and denitrification biological

c. Other sources

- Transport of ammonia

- Clorine tank leak

- Generation of methane from fill

- Steam organic solvents

Type of air pollution material:

- Carbon monoxide

- Oxides of nitrogen

- Oxides of sulfur

- CFC

- Hydrocarbons

- Volatile Organic Compounds

- Particulate

Impact of Air Pollutions:

1. Health impacts

    Substances contained in air pollutants can enter the body through the respiratory system. Away pen etration of contaminants into the body depending on the type of pollutant. Large particulates can be retained in the upper respiratory tract, whereas small-sized particulates and gases can reach the lungs. On the lungs, pollutants are absorbed by the circulatory system and spread thoroughout the body.

     Health impact of the most common is the ISNA ( upper respiratory infection), including atsma, bronchitis, and other respiratory disorders. Some contaminants are categorized at toxit and carcinogenic.

2. Impact on plants

     Plants growing in areas with high air pollution levels can be stunted and prone to deseases, such as chlorosis, necrosis, and dark spots. Particulate deposited on plant surfaces may hamper the process of photosyntesis.

a. Acid rain

   Normal pH of rain water is 5,6 due to the presence of CO2 in the atmosphere. Air pollutants such as SO2 and NO2 react with water to form acid rain and lower the pH of rain water. The impactof acid rain, among others:

- Affects the quality of surface water

- Damaging plants

- Dissolves heavy metals contained in soil that affect the quality of ground water and surface water

- It thus damaging corrosive materials and building

b. The green house effect

    The green house effect is caused by the presence of CO2.CFCs, methane, ozone, and N2O in the troposphere which absorbs solar radiation reflected by the earth's surface. As a result, the heat trapped in the troposphere and cause global warming.

The impact of global warming:

1. The increase in the average temperature of the earth

2. Melting of polar ice

3. Regional ang global climate change

4. Changes in the life cycle of flora and fauna

c. Damage to the ozone layer

    The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere (20-35 km altitude) is a natural protective filter function earth ultraviolet B radiation from the sun. The formation and decomposition of ozone molecules (O3) occurs naturally in the stratosphere. Emissions of CFCs reach the stratosphere is very stable and ca the rate of decomposition of ozone molecules faster than formation, thus forming the holes in the ozone layer.

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Environment

Environmental Damage

     Nowadays, the condition of the world  is not as good as before. The clean and fresh air, green forest, and beautiful environment is very dificult for us to find. This is because the enviroonment has been  damaged, where the environment is changes to bad condition because of natural factors or human activity that result environment not good for the living things. The environment damage can becaused by 2 factors, the natural factors and human factors. 

a. Natural factors

    Many of natural disaster and climate change being the cause of the environment damage. The example of  natural disaster that can make environment damage are floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunami. Bsides can make encironment damage, the natural disaster also can endanger human safety.

b. Human factors.

    The human activities is the main factors that cause environment damage. Human beings are rational and have ability to develop science to sufficient their life needs. Because the human's need can't to be satisfied, human always try to do many ways to sufficient their need, moreover with make environment damage. For example, excessive felling trees for timber so as to result in the bare woods, catching fish using poison or electric device that can damage ecosystems aquatic animals, etc.

    The development of technology is also one of the cause of environment damage. Resulted in a number of motor vehicle air pollution caused by exhaust fumes from motor vehicles. In addition to motor vehicles, which can cause air pollution is smoke from industrial plants. Pollution air is no longer healthy for living creatures, because of the polluted air contains a lot of toxic materials. Beside that, the industrial activities can also cause water pollution. This can occur  because the liquid waste generated by industrial activities discharge directly into the river without being processed first. Polluted water is very harmful to many living things that live mainly in water, such as fish and aquatic plants.

     In sufficient daily lives, the human must also pay attention to the environment. Because the environment very influential on human lives. If our environment is damaged, then our lives will also be damaged. So, from now LET'S OUR ENVIRONMENT AS WE TAKE KARE OURSELVE to get peaceful, healthy, and comfortable lives,,^_^

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Trees

The venus's Fly Trap

 

The venus's fly trap is a unique plant. It belongs to a group of plants called 'carnivorous plants'. These plants feed on insects. The venus's fly trap has a special mechanism by which it traps its prey.

This is how the venus's fly trap works:

At the end of each leaf- which grows from from the base of a long, flowering stalk- there is a trap.The trap is made up of two lobes and is covered  with short, reddish hairs whice are sensitive. There are tooth like structures around the edge of the lobes. The traip contains nectar which attracts insects. When an insect comes in contact with the nectar, the trap snaps shut. There are certain digestive juices inside the 'trap which digest the insects'. It takes about ten days for a trapped to be degested. We can tell when this digestion is complete, for then the walls automatically open to wait for another victim.

There are about two hundred species of carnivorous plants. Another kind of these well-known species is the pithcer plant. What differents this plant from the venus's fly trap is the shape, the mecanism to catch, insects is the same in both plants. The pithcer plants are climbing plants which cling to other plants by means of tendrils. At one end of the tendril, there is a pitcher- shaped vessel with an open lid. The mouth and the lid of the pitcher contain glands whice produce nectar to attract in sects. When an insect settles on the nectar, the lid of the pitcher shuts, trapping its victim. The digestive juices inside the pitcher then begin to work

 

Place

SYDNEY

Sydney is Australia's state capital with a population of over 3.000.000. It is a colorful modern city but it has also a natural beauty with green parkland and perhaps the world's most beautiful deep-water harbour.

     As well as being famous for its modern buildings and roads, there are many places of historical interest in Sydney. For example, Mrs. Mascquarie's Chair, the area called the Rocks dating back to the early nineteenth century, and the actractive terrace houses of Paddington, are all close the harbour and the city centre.

     Sydney has many attraction wich tourists can enjoy. Surf beaches, a zoo, Koala Bear Park, and an Opera house wich is situated at the water's edge. For further enterteinment there is a wide fariety of restaurants, theaters, nightclubs, sports, and social clubs. There are few places in the world where a visitor can find such a rich variety of natural and historical beauty, entertainment and culture. Ask any Sydneysider about his city and he'll say there's no place like it.